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长白山淫羊藿

来源:鲜淘网 2024-11-04 09:49:49      鲜淘网 手机版

长白山淫羊藿


　　
　　介绍：

长白山淫羊藿，又名朝鲜淫羊藿，多年生草本植物，集中分布在中国东北长白山地区。多生长于海拔450~750米之间的阔叶林或针阔混交林下喜生于土壤疏松、土质肥沃、腐殖质含量较高的地方。2006年，国家质检总局批准对长白山淫羊藿实施地理标志产品保护。

1 产地简介 　

淫羊藿属植物全世界约有50种，主要分布于亚洲、中东和欧洲的温带和亚热带地区，中国约有40多种，约占世界总数的80%，主要分布在中国西南、中南地区。而长白山淫羊藿仅产于中国东北地区，《中华人民共和国药典》历年版本均作为正品药材收载。野生长白山淫羊藿主要分布于吉林省以白山市为主的长白山地区，临江地区产量最大。

这里资源丰富，物种繁多，密林深处盛产人参、北五味子、黄芪等名贵药材，是世界少有的物种基因库和天然博物馆。广大的阔叶林，阴凉、湿润的气候，肥沃的腐殖质土层，散射的阳光，这些都给长白山淫羊藿提供了得天独厚的生长环境。

2 外形特征　

长白山淫羊藿，多年生草本植物，植株高15～40厘米。根状茎横走，褐色，质硬，直径3～5毫米，多须根。花茎基部被有鳞片。二回三出复叶基生和茎生，通常小叶9枚；小叶纸质，卵形，长3～13厘米，宽2～8厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部深心形，基部裂片圆形，侧生小叶基部裂片不等大，上面暗绿色，无毛，背面苍白色，无毛或疏被短柔毛，叶缘具细刺齿；花茎仅1枚二回三出复叶。总状花序顶生，具4～16朵花，长10～15厘米，无毛或被疏柔毛；花梗长1～2厘米。花大，直径2～4.5厘米，颜色多样，白色、淡黄色、深红色或紫蓝色；萼片2轮，外萼片长圆形，长4～5毫米，带红色，内萼片狭卵形至披针形，急尖，扁平，长8～18毫米，宽3～6毫米；花瓣通常远较内萼片长，向先端渐细呈钻状距，长1～2厘米，基部具花瓣状瓣片；雄蕊长约6毫米，花药长约4.5毫米，花丝长约1.5毫米；雌蕊长约8毫米，子房长约4.5毫米，花柱长约3.5毫米。蒴果狭纺锤形，长约6毫米，宿存花柱长约2毫米。种子6～8枚。花期4～5月，果期5月。

3 药用价值　

长白山淫羊藿的药用价值，早在汉代的《神农本草经》就有收载，云其：“主阴痿绝伤，颈中痛，利小便，益气力，强智”。其加工炮制始载于南北朝的《雷公炮制论》，距今已有1700年的历史。长白山淫羊藿是中国传统的补益类中药材，《中华人民共和国药典》有收载，称其具有温补肾阳，强筋骨，祛风湿等功效。可用于治疗阳萎遗精、早泄、小便失禁、关节冷痛、月经不调等症。现代医学研究则指出，长白山淫羊藿除具有传统医学价值及使用范围以外，还有许多新的药理作用和用途。比如抗衰老、促进骨骼生长、改善造血系统障碍等等。因此，它的制品是现代医学及食品领域里最热门的产品之一，是极具开发价值的一种植物类药材。

4 历史传说　

传说一

相传在长白山区有一壮年光棍汉，名叫魏武。父母早丧，靠给东家放羊维护生活。他每日早出晚归，赶着40余只羊往来近百余里路，很是辛苦疲劳。临近知天命的年龄时，东家也是看他厚道肯干，便将家中丧偶的女佣许配给他为妻。这魏武自然十分高兴，放起羊来也格外有精神。谁知由于他常年出入山林，坐倒木、卧草地，积下了难言的病症。而妻子正当壮年，精力旺盛，床第之间，魏武常常落于下风，总是败兴。时间长了，媳妇难免要数落几句：亏你名叫魏武，原来不过是银样蜡枪头。这魏武被媳妇斥责也是羞愧难当，时常默默地哀声叹气。这一日，他坐在草地上看羊吃草。见羊群中的老公头羊不断地追逐母羊。心里不由地想，这老羊也比我强啊！看着看着，他忽然想起了：这老公羊每当与母羊多次交配之后，总是离群到远处吃一些草，而在回来之后又不断地追母羊。这回他上心了，决心去看个究竟。他尾随老公羊，见它到林边的灌木丛中去啃吃一种不知名的草。这种草叶青，状如杏叶，一根上长着三枝九叶，高达一、二尺。吃了一阵，老公羊仿佛恢复了体力，又生龙活虎般地跑了回来。这魏武也是经过世故的有心人，他采了一大捆回家，让媳妇给他做菜、泡水地又吃又喝，渐渐地他感觉这种草很有作用，身体又恢复了原来的活力。他媳妇也自然独自经常上山采集这种草给他补养。一日，他媳妇回家悄悄地告诉魏武说，东家的老伴也经常抱怨东家不行事。魏武就让媳妇也帮助东家老伴给东家吃这种草。日子一天天地过去，魏武也就把这件事情忘了。忽然有一天，东家把魏武悄悄地叫到一边问，你打哪知道有这种草的。魏武这才把事情一五一十地说给东家听。此后，村上的人也渐渐地知道了这种草的神奇效用。因它没有名字，人们就叫它“三枝九叶草”。这种草就是现在长白山区的珍稀药用植物淫羊藿。

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